Cultural ministries historically played the largest role in combating the illicit antiquities trade, but taking down an illegal industry is different from excavating an archaeological site, preserving a historic building, or conserving an artifact. The illicit trade is not a preservation failure, but a failure of governance, law, diplomacy, civil society, and markets. It cannot be solved by better archaeology, but by strengthening law enforcement, international cooperation, and market integrity. In short, this is not a burden ministries of culture should bear, alone.