The South African Presidency of the G20 Draws A Roadmap to Fight Cultural Racketeering
November 6, 2025
As part of the build-up to the G20 Summit in South Africa, last month saw the convening of the G20 Culture Working Group (CWG) in Zimbali, KwaZulu-Natal.
On October 29, the G20 Culture Ministerial concluded the meeting with the adoption of the KwaDukuza Declaration of Culture. The Declaration prioritizes the CWG’s four guiding principles, outlining a collective framework for cooperation in preserving cultural heritage, promoting creative industries, and fostering cultural diversity and dialogue among member countries.
Addressing the greatest threats to cultural property, the Department of Sport, Arts and Culture of South Africa stated,
“…by adopting this Declaration, among others, members call for stronger and more effective global coordination to fight against the illicit trafficking of cultural property; strengthening of national policy frameworks; and adequate public investment in the protection and promotion of culture.”
The Declaration affirmed the threat illicit trafficking of cultural property poses to cultural heritage and secure economies, highlighting cultural racketeering as a contributor to transnational organized crime around the world. The CWG laid out a roadmap for Members to fight the illicit trade in cultural property:
- Build Capacity—Facilitate cooperation, technical exchanges, provenance research, heritage inventory management, and education
- Equip Specialized Enforcement—Establish specialized national and regional structures and tools, such as specialized law enforcement units and databases of stolen cultural objects, updated and interconnected with INTERPOL’s relevant policing capabilities
- Educate Key Stakeholders—Engage and educate dealers, cultural managers, museums, galleries, and auction house professionals, as well as law enforcement and judiciary authorities
- Explore Emerging Tools—Foster collaboration to leverage the potential of AI in the fight against illicit trafficking of cultural property
The CWG also advanced calls for cultural restitution, with the Presidency inviting all G20 members “to support the establishment of an International Cultural Restitution Fund that helps with provenance research, storage, and repatriation logistics—especially for nations without the resources to do so alone.”
Since its establishment in 2020, the G20 Cultural track has been a leading force in strengthening international cooperation against illicit trade in antiquities. The South African presidency recognized the work of past presidencies as well as other multilateral organizations in advancing culture on the G20 agenda, acknowledging that protecting shared heritage requires shared solutions.
In handing over the G20 presidency to the United States—the largest market for trafficked antiquities in the world—for 2026, Minister Gayton McKenzie entreats:
“We trust you to carry forward the work we have begun: to champion digital fairness for creators everywhere; to continue the restitution of artefacts and ancestral remains; to defend cultural heritage as a tool for peace; to make culture a permanent pillar of the G20 agenda.”
The AC welcomes these outcomes, which reflect our own recommendations made in our Task Force Report, Safeguarding Cultural Heritage In Conflict Zones: A Roadmap for the G20 to Combat the Illicit Trade, published in 2021.
Read the KwaDukuza Declaration of Culture, here.